Utilization of melting space |
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New relative value – space utilization (u) – was introduced. u = v.τH / V (v - volume flow, τH - geometric residence time, and V - the volume of the reactor), The (u) value quantitatively assesses the main melting processes, i.e. the particle dissolution and the bubble removal in a continuous melting space. The (u) value is obtained by mathematical modeling and incorporates the dead volume (unused for processes) of melting space. The current industrial furnaces have a value of less than 0.1 due to disadvantage type of flow. Modeling of various types of flows in model space shows that the value up to 0.8 can be reached by establishing a certain type spiral flow (proportional to increase performance and reduce heat losses). Favorable modeling results are transmitted to the real melting facilities and also serve on the draft designs of new melting spaces. |
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Behaviour of bubbles in centrifugal field |
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The competition of two phenomena takes place in the centrifugal field: bubble dissolution and centrifugation. Skimming is a faster process on favorable terms. Mathematical and experimental modeling can find optimal process conditions. Optimum conditions can be applied to melt glass or other viscous liquids, provided similar behavior of bubbles. The figure shows the dependence between time of the bubble removal and rotational velocity. | ||
Behaviour of bubbles under reduced pressure |
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Experimental modeling in laboratory conditions showed that the reduction of the external pressure in the range of 20 - 40 kPa at temperatures around 1300°C brings roughly the same intensity of the bubble removal process as in conventional melting furnaces working under normal pressure and at maximal temperatures in the melt above 1500°C. Moreover, it is often possible to significantly reduce the concentration of environmentally problematic refining agents. The figure on the left presents the results of a parametric study showing the dependence of the space pull rate on temperature and pressure. |
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Selected papers |
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Patents |
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domena: 'lam.vscht.cz'
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iduzel: 20744
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New glass melting concepts
Updated: 27.4.2021 11:40, Author: Jan Kříž